Tectonic Forces

Mountain ranges form through tectonic plate collision, causing rock layers to fold and uplift. Convergent boundaries create orogens through crustal compression and volcanic activity. This process, taking millions of years, builds major ranges like the Himalayas, Alps, and Andes.

Erosional Processes

Weathering and erosion continuously reshape mountain landscapes. Glaciers carve valleys and peaks, while water erosion creates drainage systems. These forces expose different rock layers and create characteristic features like cirques, arêtes, and moraines.

Geological Impact

Mountains influence regional climate patterns, create rain shadows, and affect atmospheric circulation. They form important watersheds, mineral deposits, and biodiversity hotspots. Ongoing tectonic activity causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in mountainous regions.Shutdown123